The former player: 'I hoped to continue playing'
Warning: This article contains descriptions of racially offensive language and behaviour
FormerEngland player Luther Burrell claims that speaking out to expose racism in professional rugby led his career to an early conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell characterized racism as being "widespread" in the game, showing Whatsapp messages and remembering training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while playing for Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with guest team the Barbarians.
"I've have definitely had to retire because of what went on," he told media outlets.
"I really hoped to continue playing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it fell through when news emerged that there were investigations underway.
"That was challenging - I had to simply come to terms with the outcome and understand that this whole process is a lot more important than me."
A sports organization report in 2023 found Burrell's claims were true "likely correct", but stated it could not collect sufficient evidence to definitively say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly overlooked for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told journalists he also encountered discrimination within the England team environment, during a Test career that saw him earn 15 appearances after his first game in February 2014.
"I've had several traumatic experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Some discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become normalised in dressing rooms, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been dressed up as banter and that's been the problem that I've personally suffered and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"During a period of time you just begin to believe that it's the norm and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell says he was finally spurred to go public after a fellow player at Newcastle called him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sun cream on his wrists and ankles "where your shackles were."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the culture within the professional level and to the implementation of an action plan for the elite level."
"We has placed considerable attention on diversity and diversity in rugby union and a great deal of work completed both prior and since Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"The organization are continuing work with clubs and partners in the elite level to strive for a environment of acceptance but acknowledge this takes time and is an continuous effort."
All Prem and PWR club now has in-person training on creating welcoming environments, with its success monitored via individual reports and surveys.
All England players, including youth squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to step in and defend others from damaging conduct.
"You be so proud of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the film Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"We know it has had this impact on you and finished your career, but in our view, you have achieved so well. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's father Geoff died shortly after the filming of the documentary, and his sister passed away earlier this year.
Burrell, who grew up on a social housing in Huddersfield, maintains his work to make the game more accessible.
His charitable organization aims to reach young people in under-served communities and help them thrive both on the field with complimentary sports coaching, guidance and dietary education.
"My motivations are genuine, I want to see the evolution of the game and if others is prepared to tell their story then I'll continue to advocate for that fight because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he said.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the sport as excellent as it can be and the more I speak about it hopefully the more comfortable others will feel about sharing their personal stories as well.
"I take the bull by the horns and continue bearing this flag and keep supporting this weight and do what I can to develop opportunities and make the sport more appealing and more welcoming.
"There are a lot of disadvantaged children and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely believe that rugby has the potential to change their lives, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a return to previous team Northampton in late 2022